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Acute Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidneys, usually arising when bacteria from the bladder or urethra travel upward into one or both kidneys. It causes sudden inflammation, leading to high fever, back or flank pain, chills, and burning while passing urine.

Unlike simple urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis affects the deeper tissues of the kidneys, making it a potentially serious condition that needs timely medical attention to prevent complications.

Common Symptoms

• High fever and chills
• Pain in the lower back, flank, or sides
• Frequent, painful urination
• Nausea or vomiting
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
• Fatigue and weakness

Causes & Risk Factors

• Untreated urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Kidney stones that block urine flow
• Enlarged prostate (in men)
• Vesicoureteral reflux – backward flow of urine from bladder to kidneys
• Pregnancy or diabetes, which increase infection risk