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Epididymo-orchitis is the inflammation of both the epididymis (a tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm) and the testis. It usually occurs when a bacterial infection spreads from the urinary tract or prostate to the testicles, leading to pain, swelling, and tenderness in the scrotum. The condition can affect men of any age but is more common in sexually active young men and older men with urinary problems.

Prompt medical attention is essential, as untreated epididymo-orchitis can lead to abscess formation, chronic pain, or fertility issues. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, urine tests, and ultrasound imaging.

Common Symptoms

• Sudden pain and swelling in one or both testicles
• Redness and warmth of the scrotal skin
• Pain during urination or ejaculation
• Fever and general discomfort
• Discharge from the urethra (in some cases)

Causes & Risk Factors

• Bacterial infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea
• Urinary tract infections or prostate infections spreading to the testes
• Prolonged use of catheters or urinary instrumentation
• Unprotected sexual activity

Treatment Overview

Treatment typically includes antibiotics to clear the infection, pain relief medications, scrotal support, and rest. Applying cold packs may help reduce swelling and discomfort. Early diagnosis and proper treatment usually result in complete recovery without long-term complications.