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RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) is a state-of-the-art, minimally invasive procedure used to remove small to medium-sized kidney stones through the natural urinary tract — without any incision or external cut.

In this technique, a flexible ureteroscope is passed through the urethra, bladder, and ureter into the kidney. Once the stone is visualized, it is fragmented using a Holmium:YAG laser into tiny dust-like particles that can easily pass through urine.

RIRS is an extremely safe and precise procedure offering quick recovery, minimal discomfort, and excellent results — especially suitable for stones that are hard to reach with other methods.

Indications

• Small to moderate-sized kidney stones (usually <2 cm)
• Stones resistant to ESWL (Shock Wave Lithotripsy)
• Stones in difficult-to-access kidney areas (lower calyx)
• Recurrent stones or residual stones after prior treatment
• Patients unsuitable for open or percutaneous surgery

Procedure Steps

• Anesthesia: The patient is given general or spinal anesthesia.
• Endoscopic Access: A flexible ureteroscope is passed through the natural urinary passage into the kidney.
• Stone Visualization: The stone is located using high-definition imaging.
• Laser Fragmentation: The stone is dusted into fine particles using a Holmium laser.
• Stone Clearance: Fragments either pass naturally through urine or are removed using a basket.
• DJ Stent Placement: A temporary Double J (DJ) stent may be placed to help with drainage and healing.

Advantages of RIRS

• Completely scar-free (no cuts or stitches)
• Minimal pain and bleeding
• Quick recovery and short hospital stay
• High success and stone clearance rate
• Safe for obese, elderly, and high-risk patients
• Preserves kidney function

Recovery

• Most patients are discharged within 24 hours.
• Can return to routine activities in 2–3 days.
• Mild burning or discomfort during urination may occur temporarily.
• The DJ stent is usually removed after 1–2 weeks.