Testis Cancer
Testicular cancer is a malignancy that originates in the testicles (male reproductive glands), most commonly affecting young and middle-aged men between 15 and 40 years. It usually presents as a painless lump or swelling in one testicle, although some patients may notice discomfort, heaviness, or sudden pain. Early detection is critical, as testicular cancer is highly treatable, especially when diagnosed at an early stage. Risk factors include an undescended testis (cryptorchidism), family history of testicular cancer, and certain genetic conditions. Diagnosis involves physical examination, scrotal ultrasound, and blood tests for tumor markers such as AFP, β-hCG, and LDH. Treatment typically includes surgical removal of the affected testicle (orchiectomy), followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy depending on the stage and type of tumor.
