Hematuria
Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine — a symptom that can range from visible redness in the urine (gross hematuria) to microscopic traces detected only through tests. It is not a disease itself but a sign of an underlying condition affecting the kidneys, bladder, or urinary tract.
The causes of hematuria can vary from minor issues like urinary tract infections or vigorous exercise to more serious problems such as kidney stones, prostate enlargement, or even cancers of the urinary system. Therefore, it should never be ignored and always requires medical evaluation to determine the exact cause.
Common Causes
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Kidney or bladder stones
- Prostate enlargement in men
- Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of kidney filters)
- Injury to kidneys or urinary tract
- Cancer of the lining of the urinary tract (urothelial cancer)
Associated Symptoms
- Pink, red, or cola-colored urine
- Pain or burning sensation while urinating
- Lower abdominal or flank pain
- Frequent urge to urinate
Diagnosis & Treatment
Evaluation usually includes urine analysis, imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scan, and cystoscopy if needed. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause — such as antibiotics for infections or procedures for stones — to stop the bleeding and prevent recurrence.
